Imposing and Exposing Values Essays

Imposing and Exposing Values Essays Imposing and Exposing Values Paper Imposing and Exposing Values Paper Imposing uses some type of force or manipulation or pressure for another to adopt or follow the same values as the one exerting the force. Exposing is simply putting or sharing ones values out there for others to take it or leave it. To expose your values means to open up and let it be seen, to speak up and tell people what your values are. An example would be youre pregnant teenager, and you tell your parents that you dont believe in abortion. Youre exposing your feelings, your values on that issue. To impose your values means to make people do things your way, that only your way is right its almost like forcing someone to do it your way. An example would be a teenager gets pregnant, wants an abortion, and her parents force her to carry the baby to term and raise it, saying as long as youre under my roof, youll do as I say. thats IMposing their values. Values based counselling means that the counselor is always pointing to a better way, meeting the client where he or she is at, and guiding that person towards a higher place: a place of deeper truth, a place of greater meaning. Non-values oriented counseling will simply seek to return the client to a functional level, or simply at a place that is best for them. Well in the example above what was best for the wife was divorce. Yet she may not realize, or even see, that there could be door for her that leads her to a joyful life with her husband. While we believe that all people have the capacity within them to change, that does not mean they can always see all the choices before them. Sometimes people are so heavily oppressed by their situation that they genuinely cannot see a way out, or are unable to discern the best possible path. This is where the values of the counselor are critical to effective therapy. Values are the whispers of our conscience that show us those things in our lives that need to change, they help us understand not only the problems in our lives, but why they were problems. Without values, we are unable to identify destructive behaviors and patterns of thoughts that cause pain and brokenness. Values allow us to learn from the past, let things go, and illuminate a new path towards a brighter future. And while we may never actually reach the ideal, it is instead the journey towards it that holds the joy of living; that we live a life always walking forward, towards a better place, one that is full of hope, experiencing true freedom and purpose every step of the way. I Dont Believe In Imposing Values On Clients This is probably the #1 concern we hear from professionals who feel hesitant about a transparent values approach regarding counseling and therapy. This section is written for therapists, but if you are a client this discussion may give you more insight into the world behind therapy. Most college textbooks will tell students of psychology to keep their values hidden to clients. This may have been true at one time, but with the vast use of the internet, it is a flawed premise based on a faulty assumption that clients are not pro-active in their mental health care. We will demonstrate why this philosophy of therapy is flawed with pro-active clients (it also should be stated that all clients who use the internet to find a therapist, are by definition, being pro-active in their mental health care). First lets define the difference between hidden values and transparent values therapy. 1. All therapists are human beings, and as human beings, all therapists also have a personal value system. 2. Therapists, the vast majority of them, do not compromise their own personal values in therapy. If you are a therapist, both points are going to be true. Counselors, regardless of their personal values, are neither expected to, nor do they by by practice, compromise themselves in therapy. But does (a) having personal values, and (b) not compromising values equate to (c) imposing values? It does not. So lets assume two hypothetical therapists, Therapist A who believes strongly against imposing values in Therapy, and keeps his/her values hidden from the client, and Therapist B with transparent values. What is the difference between these two therapists? Well, both of them have a set of personal values. The only difference is that Therapist B has made his/her values transparent to the client upfront, before therapy even begins. Transparency is the only difference, nearly the exact opposite of imposing. Hidden Values Are More Imposing Because all clients who use the internet to find a therapist are being pro-active in their health care, we make the case that a therapist who tries to keep his or her values hidden is far closer to imposing on a client, than a therapist who has those values transparent. With transparent values, the client knows the values upfront, and then can make the choice to see. or not to see. a therapist before spending any money, and before investing any energy. With a hidden values therapist, the client has already spent money, and has already invested time, energy, and emotions into therapy. The values of the therapist then leak into therapy over time, and the client discovers, over time, that the therapists values are polar opposite, and the client may feel defeated and give up counseling or go back to the search for a new therapist. Values and Beliefs It is not respectful to impose personal beliefs and values upon clients. It is the counsellor’s role to accept the client for who they are and where they currently are in their life. Geldard and Geldard (2005) emphasise that when a counsellor’s values are imposed on an individual, they tend to react by rejecting those values without consideration and withdrawing from counselling. An involuntary client, who is unable to physically withdraw from counselling, may withdraw emotionally, and become unmotivated to accept the counsellor’s suggestions. Imposing one’s values upon the client is indicative of judgement. Paradoxically, when therapists accept the client for the person they are regardless of their values, over time, the client’s values tend to grow closer to the values of the counsellor, as counsellors do become role models for their clients.

How The NACW Fought Sexism and Racism in Jim Crow Era

How The NACW Fought Sexism and Racism in Jim Crow Era The National Association of Colored Women was established in July of 1896  after Southern journalist, James Jacks referred to African American women as â€Å"prostitutes, thieves and liars.† African American writer and suffragette, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin believed that the best way to respond to racist and sexist attacks was through social-political activism. Arguing that developing positive images of African American womanhood was important to countering racist attacks, Ruffin said, Too long have we been silent under unjust and unholy charges; we cannot expect to have them removed until we disprove them through ourselves. With the help of other notable African American women, Ruffin initiated the merger of several African American women’s clubs including the National League of Colored Women and the National Federation of Afro-American Women to form the first African American national organization. The organizations name was changed in 1957 to the National Association of Colored Womens Clubs (NACWC). Notable Members Mary Church Terrell: first president of the NACWIda B. Wells-Barnett: publisher and journalistMary McLeod Bethune: educator, social leader and eighth president of NACWFrances Ellen Watkins Harper: feminist and poetMargaret Murray Washington: educator and served as the fifth president of the NACW Mission The NACW’s national motto, â€Å"Lifting as We Climb,† embodied the goals and initiatives established by the national organization and carried out by its local and regional chapters. On the organizations website, the NACW outlines nine objectives which included developing the economic, moral, religious and social welfare of women and children as well as enforcing the civil and political rights for all American citizens. Uplifting the Race and Providing Social Services One of the NACWs main focuses was developing resources that would help impoverished and disenfranchised African Americans. In 1902, the organizations first president, Mary Church Terrell, argued: Self-preservation demands that [black women] go among the lowly, illiterate, and even vicious, to whom they are bound to ties of race and sex...to reclaim them.   In Terrells first address as president of the NACW, she said, The work which we hope to accomplish can be done better, we believe, by the mothers, wives, daughters, and sisters of our race than by the fathers, husbands, brothers, and sons. Terrell charged members with the task of developing employment training and fair wages for women while establishing kindergarten programs for young children and recreational programs for older children. Suffrage Through various national, regional and local initiatives, the NACW fought for the voting rights of all Americans. Women of the NACW supported womens right to vote through their work on the local and national level. When the 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920, the NACW supported the establishment of citizenship schools. Georgia Nugent, chair of the NACW Executive Committee, told members, the ballot without intelligence in back of it is a menace instead of a blessing and I like to believe that women are accepting their recently granted citizenship with a sense of reverent responsibility. Standing Up To Racial Injustice The NACW vehemently opposed segregation and supported anti-lynching legislation. Using its publication, National Notes, the organization was able to discuss its opposition to racism and discrimination in society with a wider audience. Regional and local chapters of NACW launched various fundraising efforts after the Red Summer of 1919. All chapters  participated in nonviolent protests and boycotts of segregated public facilities. Todays Initiatives Now referred to as the National Association of Colored Womens Clubs (NACWC), the organization boasts regional and local chapters in 36 states. Members of these chapters sponsor various programs including college scholarships, teenage pregnancy,  and AIDS prevention. In 2010, Ebony magazine named the NACWC as one of the top ten non-profit organizations in the United States.

Best practices in Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay

Best practices in Critical Thinking and Decision Making - Essay Example It involves gathering of information, analysis, evaluation and application of the information obtained in the process of critical thinking, and finally arriving at a final decision. According to Carter (1973), â€Å"Critical thinking is thinking that proceeds on the basis of careful evaluation of premises and evidence and comes to conclusions as objectively as possible through the consideration of all pertinent factors and the use of valid procedures from logic.† Decision-making is a process where the individual arrives at a solution to a given problem by evaluating information. A decision can be arrived at through analysis, discussions and debates. A review of the process of critical thinking and decision making makes it clear that a quality decision cannot be arrived at without critical thinking. In the absence of critical thinking, entire details of a situation may not be available and the best solution may be hard to find. Decision making involves balancing of quantitative and qualitative data and using our judgment to make the right choice. It is here that critical thinking helps. Critical thinking puts our knowledge of a particular situation or problem into a proper perspective. It helps us to understand the subject by filling the gaps in information and revealing the significance of the assumptions we have made about the subject. When there are many options available to us it is difficult to choose. A final and informed decision can be arrived at when we have a full understanding of the subject. Critical thinking helps you to do just that by providing us with the consequences and implications of various options. Critical thinkers use the power of reasoning to dissect complex problems and make things simple. Critical thinking contributes towards avoiding mistakes and making one aware of opportunities available. Critical thinking requires practice. It is not mere thinking. To be a

Nutritional Care Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nutritional Care Plan - Essay Example Harvey (2011) explains that â€Å"overnutrition is an unfavorable health condition in which at least one nutrient is supplied in an amount that exceeds the bodys requirements for normal metabolism, growth and development.† The Test Lab Online (2011) adds that overnutrition is a serious medical problem in pregnancy because â€Å"chronic overnutrition can lead to obesity and to metabolic syndrome, a set of risk factors characterized by abdominal obesity, a decreased ability to process glucose (insulin resistance), dyslipidemia, and hypertension.† This essay shall focus on abdominal obesity in pregnancy. According to the American Pregnancy Association (2011), woman who had BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 before pregnancy is required to gain weight of 1 – 4.5 pounds during the first trimester. However, after just two weeks, the woman came back to the hospital with a weight gain of 7.7 pounds. This was still at the early stages of the pregnancy and therefore constituted an excessive weight of 3.2 pounds. Further biochemical test showed that the albumin level of the woman was 5.8 g/dl, which was almost above normal. The interpretation is that the woman was suffering from overnutrition. Clinical assessment however revealed that the integrity of the woman’s skin was intact. When dietary assessment of the patient’s daily intake of food was done, it was realized that the woman had been misinformed to start taking in more protein and fat and extra mineral with the intention of helping her fetus grow better. Medications were suggested for the patient based on her cultural and socioeconomic background. It must be reiterated that medications or drugs come into the treatment of over nutrition as a last resort and especially when the patient’s case has resulted in obesity. Some commonly acceptable medications in medical circles include Orlistat, Sibutramine, Rimonabant, Metformin, Exenatide, Pramlintide

The Case of the Speluncean Explorers Essay Example for Free

The Case of the Speluncean Explorers Essay The group is expected to look at the case and find answers for the points raised herein. 1. What is the context/background in which this incident occurred? How does it affect the decision making? 2. In the decision making situation, how can a balance be brought about between the necessity for a decision and the rights of some people on whose behalf such decisions are being taken? Can a decision be made for another? When and how? 3. Can a killing in self-defense be excused? Why? Does the plea of ‘self-defense’ apply to the given situation? By the same logic does one have the right to suicide-singly or collectively? 4. Do jurisdictional issues affect societal decision making? 5. Do we need a leader for taking decisions? 6. Do a leader’s opinions/values affect the decision? Is it a good thing or not? 7. Can we view this as a simple judicial decision making issue or a moral one? 8. Does ones value system play any role in shaping the final decision? The questions are endless but the answers are one’s own. If you are the judge what will you decide and why. Solution: 1. The decision occurred in a situation of necessity. Since the men were torn apart from society, from statutes, they forgot their societal values and norms, and resorted to carnal instincts. This affected the decision making since they were in a situation of desperation, and obviously could not think rationally then. They were driven by illogical and inhuman thinking. 2. A balance can be brought about by the spirit of equality in each of the people in the situation. If each of the people are given enough of right to be heard, and if they are able to speak out for themselves, then a balance can be achieved. Yes, a decision can be made for another only if the person consents to another’s opinion or decision. The person must explicitly express his consent to another making a decision on his behalf. 3. Yes, a killing in self-defense can be excused, if the person is cornered, and has no other option available, and is exposed to threat. The plea of self-defense does not apply to this situation, since the victim is not proved to have been threatening, or exposing them to any sort of danger. They are in a situation of equality, and neither party has a position of power over the other. In the given situation, it is stated that Whitmore did not consent to participate in the rolling of the die at the end, and it was against his will to participate in the gamble at the last instance, even if he did propose the idea, and plant the seed into the heads of the other 4 men. If he consented to die for the rest of the men, then his suicide is justified. They could have taken the gamble among the 4 of them, and not shared their â€Å"earnings† with Whitmore if he did not consent to participate in the gamble. 4. Yes, jurisdictional issues do affect societal decision making, since legality is opposed to morality in some cases, like in the above case. This has also been taken into question in other cases like Dudley vs. 5. Yes, a leader is needed for taking decisions, but the leader must be unanimous in his decision, and not let emotion defeat rational thinking. 6. They do influence a decision, since the leader has the trust of the members of the group, and he has the ability to influence their decision, and most of the times even change their point of view. If the leader thinks rationally, and is not biased in his decisions, then it is a good thing. However, if he uses his skill to unduly influence the decisions of his followers, even when it is against their values and beliefs, then it is detrimental. 7. It is a conflict of both – legality and morality. 8. Yes, since the law of the land is important in maintaining societal balance, and conformity. However, it must not be forgotten that laws have been made for the purpose of improving humanity, and not for destroying it. The ‘Law of Nature’ must not be used to the convenience of the defendant. If I was the judge, I would support the sentence, since the Law of Nature does not state to what degree or extent is the term â€Å"nature† used. If a person steps into a forest, he comes under the purview of ‘nature’, so is he entitled to kill another human being without the fear of being tried in court? Thus, I defer with the opinion of Judge Foster. Also, I feel that the statements put forward by him are based on emotion, and not on evidence. Also, taking into consideration the consequence of letting the men free, it is highly improbable for any of them to wipe this incident off their minds, and they would have to live in guilt, or die of it. In most cases, people go mad as a result of such incidents. They are unable to live a healthy life in society, and they are not accepted in society. These views, however, cannot be subjected to another’s. It depends on each person’s views, values and beliefs that he has been brought up with. His values would determine the type of decision he would have taken, and this can only be taken if there is Empathy felt towards the Spelunks, not just sympathy.

The Selfish Gene :: essays research papers fc

Creationism is a Bible–based view of human origin that states humans were created in their current form and have not changed, or evolved, throughout the years. However the belief that our species has changed over time to suit our environment is considered evolution. As both sides possess strong evidence for their conclusions, the debate that stemmed many years ago, even before the famous Scopes trial, has no end in sight. Recently state education boards in Kansas, Alabama and Kentucky have given school districts the opportunity to decide for themselves whether creationism will be taught, along with evolution, in their classrooms. Furthermore, the state of Colorado has dropped all questions on their standardized tests that pertain to evolution. Conversely, on October 8th, 1999 '…the New Mexico Board of Education voted overwhelmingly… to limit the statewide science curriculum to the teaching of evolution'; (Janofsky 1). Creationists refer to the Bible to explain that the creator developed the universe, including Adam and Eve. But, creationists also use science to disprove the theory of evolution. Through the second law of thermodynamics, which states that a system is always heading towards disorder, creationists explain that there was once a time when the universe was more orderly and that singularity existed approximately 15 billion years ago. If this is true, where did this singularity come from? Creationists believe that only a superior creator could have set forth this condition. Although evolution is only a theory, it is widely accepted and is based solely on scientific data. Through the second law of thermodynamics evolutionists believe that humans should continue in a pattern of disorder as are those things neglected in a system. However, humans have become more orderly and more suited for their environment, clearly a process that is carried out by gradual change over time. Through Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species, published in 1859, the world was introduced to natural selection and the theory of evolution. In his autobiography, Darwin states 'It was evident that such facts as these, as well as many others, could be explained on the supposition that species gradually become modified'; (118-119). This type of thinking in his times was extremely radical and unheard of, but throughout the years evolution has been explored further and accepted by most scientists. Further research into the origin of man proved that genes were the maps by which humans change. In The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins states ".

Belonging: Salem Witch Trials and Society Essay

â€Å"An individual’s interaction with others and the world around them can enrich or limit their experience of belonging†. Discuss this view with detailed reference to your prescribed text and choosing ONE other related text of your own choosing. The natural human need to belong is a characteristic of most human beings. The interaction with others and the world around an individual can be a positive, enriching experience or can be a negative, limiting experience. These experiences are part of belonging, and an individual is often left with the choice of choosing wether the sacrifice of loosing ones individual identity and conforming to a group, wether it be a society, belief or authority or choosing to hold onto individuality, independence and freedom is right for them as an individual. This moral dilemma is displayed in the stage play ‘The Crucible’ by Arthur Miller written in 1953, based on the Salem witch hunts of Massachusetts in 1692 and the 1950s anti communist extremist of McCarthyism. The characters of the play are faced with moral dilemma of self righteousness and belonging to ones self or conforming and sacrificing their own beliefs to avoid persecution and isolation from society. ‘Into the Wild’, a film by Sean Penn, is based on the true story of Christopher McCandless, a man who is faced with the ultimate struggle between belonging to society, a family and relationships between other people and the independency and freedom that he so surely seeks. Both texts use techniques such as irony and contrast and setting to convey the ideas of interaction with the people that are around them and the world that they live in and how the experiences shared can change an individual’s perspective on belonging. In the opening scenes of the play ‘The Crucible’ by Arthur Miller, key ideas of persecution of those who don’t belong and of those who choose not to conform to the strict rules of the Puritan society that the city of Salem believed in and the consequences and perspective of an individual’s need to belong are beginning to be expressed. Abigail, an orphan of low social standing in the town, who is of a manipulative, vengeful and deceitful manner, who longs to belong in the community as more than just an orphan begins to twist the thoughts and actions of the other girls in the community such as Mary Warren, Betty Parris, Ruth Putnam, Mercy Lewis and Tituba in hope of saving her own dignity and the little respect she holds in the ommunity and to avoid persecution for disobeying the strict Puritan belief of no dancing and recreational activities that herself and other girls in the town participated in the woods the previous night. By using threats and fright Abigail manipulates Betty, Tituba, Mercy and Mary into sworn secrecy, â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you† (act one). Through acts of desperation and vengefulness Abigail is able to take advantage of the talk of witchcraft throughout Salem that Tituba has been accused of. Seeing it as a chance to bring down Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor’s wife’s reputation in order to receive affection from John Proctor Abigail hopes to bring persecution upon her by accusing her of witchcraft, this is seen in act two when Mary Warren informs the Proctors of her mentioning in court. Abigail is a direct example of how an individual has to choose between conforming to an ideology and loosing moral self consciousness in order to belong, but in this example it enriches Abigail’s experience of belonging as she gains respect and authority throughout the community. The play allows the audience to witness the persecution of innocence such as that of Elizabeth Proctor, Rebecca Nurse, Goody Osborn and Martha Corey, all of whom are accused of witchcraft and Giles Corey and John Proctor who are arrested for crimes against the court. These characters uphold a tight belief in truth and honour over conforming to an ideal that they do not believe in, and are therefore isolated and disgraced by the community when refusal to confess to a false accusation of witchcraft has been set upon them. John Proctor the ‘heroic’ character of the play who makes a strong emphasis on the importance of name and reputation is thrown into inner turmoil as he watches the town turn into hysteria over a fabrication of a scared and lonely girl. Proctor is a man of respect in the town, but it is present that he and Elizabeth do not follow the theocracy of Salem. By not attending church on Sundays and working on the fields, as he despises Reverend Parris and does not want to attend his church sermons, â€Å"I have trouble enough without I come five mile to hear him preach only hellfire and bloody damnation† (act one), Proctor and his family have a sense of disconnection towards the society before the witch trials began. Elizabeth being a sensible, level headed character finds the whole idea of witchcraft humorous nd Proctor being cynical and moderate, can see the desperate plea of the town who is in need of self expression and individual thought. They choose not to belong in order to keep a strong sense of what they believe to be good characteristics and morals. Salem’s hysteria unravels the tight woven knot of conformity and religious ruling, that citizens such as Abigail and Mary Warren who had little respect and authority in the town, gained after claiming witchcraft to be among them. Authority and power held by Abigail, Deputy- Governor Danforth and Judge Hathorne over the citizens that did hold respect and honour previously throughout the town such as the Proctors, the Nurses and the Coreys who refuse to conform to lies and deceit in order to save them selves from persecution and death from confessing to witchcraft, shows how experiences from the world around them can change their perspectives of belonging into a negative, limiting experience that exposes the lies and indecency that was required in order to belong the hypocritical theocracy. The inspiration for the play was drawn from the current issue of the 1950s (the play being written in 1953) McCarthyism, anti communist fight in America and the 17th century witch hunt of Salem, Massachusetts which have a closely relative history with each other and are a form of historical parallelism. Both historical events were the results of extremism, hysteria and terror of a loss of power, authority and sense of belonging in a society. Miller was able to reconstruct the past events and add dramatic, imaginative expression to create a perspective of the idea of belonging to a society and the hardships and oddities that can arise from the need to belong. Stage directions are used throughout the play to emphasise dramatic effect and to allow the reader a deeper understanding of the characters and Miller’s ideas of the event of the play can be deeply captured â€Å"Hale is in a fever of guilt and uncertainty† (act one) is a example of a stage direction expressing Hale’s emotions of his participation in the events of Salem. As Miller himself was persecuted for fostering anti-American beliefs, just as Proctor and many of the other characters in the Crucible had been, the context of the play has a great deal of insight into the struggle of self preservation in beliefs, ideals and morals but also the need to belong to something greater then the individual themselves. The human characteristic of the need to belong is one of the strongest key points throughout the play. All characters wether they are ‘good’ or ‘evil’ truthful or deceitful or confirmative or non-compliance they are in search of a place to belong, whether it be to society, to their family or to themselves. Abigail and the other girls are the obvious characters that are in desperate need of a sense of belonging to society. Their manipulative, deceitful motivation for condemning innocent people to the gallows is an immediate plea for attention and acceptance from the adults of the society. Due to the theocracy of the town of Salem, the girls are forced to ignore all sense of decency and honour in order to feel a sense of power and authority. Abigail is a girl of leadership qualities and is able to lead the girls in their acts of fraud, in the court, in their testimonies and their emotions of the events. The dislodgment of power in the town allows Abigail to persuade honourable but flawed members of the hierarchy of Salem, â€Å"the crazy little children are jangling the keys of the kingdom†. Danforth, Parris, Hale and Cheever who are then themselves thrown into a inner struggle on whether conforming to the girls in order to hold authority or to admit their mistakes and to have peace of mind, just as Hale does by the end of the play. Danforth, Parris and Cheever are characters that are used in the use of irony in the play. Act three set in the courtroom is a scene of high tension and angst and is a good example of irony, Proctor is in a desperate plea to free Elizabeth’s name along with all the other falsely accused, Abigail is at the height of her power, Hale is beginning to regret his support of the court and Danforth is determined to hold onto all authority, theocracy, belonging and truth that is left in the community. This in itself is ironic as Danforth persecutes those who are honest and once had a sense of belonging in the community and pays respect to those who are deceitful and didn’t belong. Mary Warren, a servant girl of the Proctor’s residence is evidence of the human need to belong in act three. Proctor was able to convince her to testify against the girls in the court and to announce that they are frauds and are deceiving the court. But Mary gives into the pressure of peer group judgement when Abigail and the majority of the court turn against her, she claims that Proctor is the â€Å"devil’s man† and â€Å"I will not hang with you† and turns back to the girls for acceptance. Mary finds the persecution of having individual belief to be too great a sacrifice then conforming to lies and deception in order to belong. Proctor by this stage is at his peak of inner turmoil over his secret adultery with Abigail, he out cries â€Å"Whore! Whore! in a fit of rage, signing away his good name. The importance of name to Proctor is a key example of human need to belong. By Proctor signing his away in order to prove Abigail false shows how he is a good man and how he will not conform to society. Mary is a weak character therefore an easy target for Proctor, Danforth and Abigail to manipulate into conforming to their beliefs. Her need to belong becomes somewhat a blank canvas to them as they see her to turn to whatever ideals will allow her to belong. Mary’s testimony of the girls being frauds is brought to a halt when Danforth asks Mary to feint in the court to prove that it was all just lies and games, but Mary’s inability to feint as she does not have the â€Å"sense of it† pushes pressure on Mary that changes the how she feels about belonging and shows that she is unable to look past the need to belong in order to have self preservation and dignity. The pressures of society are too great, this is in total contrast to Proctor, Elizabeth, Rebecca Nurse and Giles Corey who refuse to give up their sense of righteousness and dignity in order to give in to lies and deception. By the end of the play in act four, the characters have discovered their sense of belonging and their need to belong has either been over shadowed by self dignity such as Proctor, Giles and Rebecca Nurse who all accept death over conforming and defying themselves their righteousness, goodness and honesty. Characters such as Hale and Parris have come to realisation of the need to belong may not always be the right thing if it is at the cost of undignified human loss. Both characters, Hale and Parris, are swept with guilt, Hale tries to persuade Proctor to confess and not step up to the gallows, while Parris realises Danforth’s motives and that his own motives for supporting the court were greedy and a sense of shame washes over him. The high climatic ending of the play, where Proctor denies signing a false confession as he was able to find his decency and honour and Elizabeth is able to forgive him, is the final act of the human need to belong, but it shows how the people around an individual will change the need of that sense of belonging. Proctor and Elizabeth realise to be content a sense of belonging to each other is all that is needed. Giles Corey and Rebecca Nurse, find that belonging to decency, honour and truth is stronger then belonging to life in a corrupt society, and Abigail realises that gaining a sense of belonging can not be done through lies and deception. The film â€Å"Into the Wild† by Sean Penn, based on the true story of Christopher McCandless, conveys the idea of an individual’s need to escape a sense of belonging to a society that they find repulsive and ‘corrupt’, but the everlasting need of human relationship and connectedness. Christopher was born into a family of high wealth, and is witness of a dislodged, fractured relationship between his parents. This is thought to be one of the causes of Chris’s dislike for society, as he sees it as a reflection of his family. The film shows how some individuals find a sense of belonging not with humans but with environment around them, but that the human need to belong will always out weigh all other sense of belonging. The story is told in a series of flashbacks and cut scenes, jumping from the past to the present with narration from his sister giving the audience a insight into the context of Chris’s decisions that led him to Alaska and the ‘Magic Bus’ and his eventual untimely death. Chris undertakes a two year journey to Alaska in hope of finding peace and happiness in the wilderness of the Alaskan mountains and to escape the need for him to conform to social normalities that his parents expect him to partake in. Chris just as John Proctor in The Crucible, finds an importance in name, a difference being that Chris finds the need to reject his given birth name and adopt a name he has created â€Å"Alexander Supertramp†, a suggestion of rejection of his parents and the society he is running from and the adoption of an alter ego who believes in freedom and self expression. The name Alexander Supertramp implies ‘super humanness’, strength of independence and great capabilities, values that Chris believes to be important. While Chris tries to escape human relationships, he is unknowingly making new ones that will have great significance on him near the end of his life, and the great significance he has on the lives of the people he meets along his journey to Alaska. The first characters that are introduced to Chris are Jan and Rainey, a couple who travel across America in a camper van. The relationship between Jan and Rainey is disconnected, and distant, both feel as if they cannot communicate with each other. Chris reunites them, by showing each of them the needs of the other. Chris does this without realisation of his actions and the positive implications it has on them. Chris’s inability to allow himself to form any form of relationship with anyone, brings him to leave Jan and Rainey in the middle of the night, without a goodbye. This shows his want to escape society, as at the first sign of affection and emotion being shown Chris feels uncomfortable and a sense of unease and feels as if he has to move on. Jan has a significant affect on Chris, as is learnt near the end of the film, when Chris realises the pain he has caused his parents and the affect of his disappearance would have had on them and the sense of belonging to family he learns is important by the end of the film. The film demonstrates, the persecution and infringement of personal freedom and rights by authority, just as seen in The Crucible. Forever running into trouble with authoritative figures, Chris is continually being denied the freedom and escape he so purely desires. Things such as paddling down the Colorado River is denied, with out proper authorisation and documentation as well as a twelve year waiting list, not wearing socks while at work at the fast food restaurant and being beaten by the train guard for riding the freight train are examples of the authority that Chris runs into on his travels. Society to an individual can be enriching to the experience of belonging but for Chris is limits his ideal sense of belonging. This is shown in the amount of issues that Chris experiences is partly due to the non-compliance attitudes he has towards society, and the fact that he believes that people should have freedom to enjoy the world without having to follow strict guidelines and structure. This is a parallel to the expectations of Chris that his parents held for him and the hatred of having to conform to other individual’s ideals and rules. The hypocrisy of his parent’s expectations of a perfect son and the perfect life is somewhat to blame for Chris’s dispelling. Chris and his sister grew up witnessing, violence, anger, deceit and pain from his parent’s marriage. Corrine’s voice overs describe Chris’s emotions as the fragility of crystal â€Å"the fragility of crystal is not a weakness but a fineness. My parents understood a fineness that had to be cared for or it may be shattered, but when it came to my brother, they seemed not to know or care that their course of secret action could bring the kind of devastation that could cut them†. The family difficulties experienced changed Chris’s view of belonging; it showed that belonging to a family can bring both happiness and pain. Ron Franz, a Korean veteran is a significant character in the film, his fatherly figure towards Chris, acts a kind of substitute to Chris’s father’s absence in his life. Ron himself had suffered great personal tragedy, by losing his wife and child in a car accident with a drunk driver but he was able to move on and look past the tragedy to some form of positive in life. Ron teaches Chris that relationships with people are important and that he can spend his life full of bitterness and or that he can grow and learn from the pain that has been caused â€Å"you can choose to be a prisoner of bitterness or you can build a fulfilling life from pain†. Chris realises this in his last living days at the magic bus, and it helps him forgive his parents for the pain and deceit that contributed to his estrangement from society. The characters of Ron, Jan and Rainey show how the people surrounding an individual can be enrichment towards their sense of belonging and connectedness to society, even if they themselves are on the outskirts of society themselves. This corrupt society that Chris is continually trying to outrun is shown as a disorientating, overwhelming place, the audience gains a sense of how Chris feels about being the city of highly populated area. By using different audio sounds such as, rushing traffic, trains and the general sounds of a bustling society, the effect of Chris’s awkward, discomfort and displeasure is displayed along side with slow motion and freeze frames to add dramatic effect, this can been seen in the homeless shelter scene, where Chris views the homeless along the street and begins to feel as if this could be him in the future if he is to remain within society’s grasp. These sounds are in contrast with the native sounds of the Alaskan Mountains, the wheat fields and the ocean where rushing rivers and birds are heard, the galloping of horses and the crashing of waves surround the audience’s sense of hearing that show Chris’s total ease and pleasure from being separated from society and connectedness. The camera shots and angles used co-inside with these audio sounds are panoramic, split scenes that are slow and soothing, just like Chris’s sense of belonging. These sounds slowly change throughout the movie as Chris learns the true depth in belonging and human connection. As Chris’s health deteriorates from lack of food and exposure to the elements he learns the value of belonging to a society and that humans are not capable of living in primitive ways in exposed conditions. He learns that being connected to his family and other people will bring happiness that no other form of belonging such as belonging to the environment and to complete isolation will bring. The time spent in the Magic Bus for Chris is a time of personal reflection and deliberation as well as a time to learn to forgive and feel a sense of connection to the people surrounding his life. At the end of the film we witness Chris reject his adopted name of Alexander Supertramp and accept his real name. A sign of complete reformation of everything he believed in and that of what he learnt and now believes in. In both the play ‘The Crucible’ and the film ‘Into the Wild’, the idea of the world and the people around an individual being a limiting or enriching experience to the individuals sense of belonging had been conveyed. This was expressed, through all characters, wether they demonstrated the positive or negative aspects of the concept such as Proctor and Chris, two individualists who fight conformity in order to keep their sense of identity and to express their needs to belong to their own ideals, or characters such as Abigail, Danforth and Chris’s parents who will conform in order to gain a sense of belonging to what they believed to be the social norms and theocracies that may not be morally correct. The enriching and limiting experiences described in both texts both come to the resolution of the human need to belong and the facts of life that will change the perspective of an individuals sense of belong such as family, friendship, theocracies, societies and their natural surroundings.

The company I would like to talk about is Starbucks

A company’s individual organizational structure is a formal composition of task and reporting relationships that allows the company to control, coordinate, and motivate employees so a common goal can be achieved (Bateman & Snell, 2009, p. 505). Starbucks last structure is a matrix structure to maximize communication. It was implemented in 2008 to strengthen partnerships, and improve customer service. Starbucks has 4 divisions within the U. S. Each division has its own supporting functions, which report to their own department and the division. The support functions are â€Å"designed to consolidate functional activities into teams that have a shared vision and goals to support the business† (Schultz, 2008, para. 10 ). Organization mission: Starbucks’ mission is to â€Å"inspire and nurture the human spirit— one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time†. (Starbucks, 2011, para. 7 ). Starbuck is commited to be good to people and the environment. They have implemented several programs to support communities and coffee farmers. They also make donations to African communities to help people living with HIV. Fiscal Policies: Starbucks has a very strong corporate social responsibility governance. All operations and reports are conformed to legal requirements enforced by the SEC and any other governmental agencies. Competition: â€Å"Today, with more than 15,000 stores in 50 countries, Starbucks is the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world† (Starbucks, 2011, para. 7). Starbucks' biggest competitors are Mcdonald's, 7-Eleven, Dunkin Donuts, and Caribou Coffee. However, Starbucks has managed to stay ahead because of the unique quality of their coffee and their customer service. Economy: The 2008 restructure implementation has helped Starbucks to overcome the global economic crisis. â€Å"During this past fiscal year, revenues increased to a record $10. 7 billion. Operating income increased by $857 million from fi scal 2009 to $1. 4 billion† (Schultz, 2011, p. 3). Customer demands: Customers come to Starbucks for a unique coffee experience, personalized customer service. Globalization: Starbucks has stores in 50 different countries. Communication can be challenging when dealing with different cultures. Starbucks welcomes diversity. Starbucks believes that † by welcoming a diversity of people and ideas to our business, we create more opportunities for learning and success that benefit customers, partners (employees) and suppliers† (Starbucks, 2011, para. 5).

Poe Essays - Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask Of Amontillado, Poe

Poe Essays - Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask Of Amontillado, Poe Poe This essay is about how Poe uses the description of environments in his narratives. I shall explain this usage with close reference to several short stories by Poe. A full listing of the stories used appears in the List of Works Consulted at the end of this essay. It is important to note that in all of the stories, the narration is in the first-person. This has deep-reaching effects on how particular environments are described. This will also be commented upon. The first excerpt comes from a story entitled ?MS Found In a Bottle?: Our vessel was a beautiful ship of about four hundred tons, copper-fastened, and built at Bombay of Malabar teak. She was freighted with cotton-wool and oil, from the Lachadive islands. We had also on board coir, jaggeree, ghee, cocoa-nuts, and a few cases of opium. The stowage was clumsily done, and the vessel consequently crank. Poe describes his environments in great detail ? thus giving the reader a clear representation of where the scene is taking place. The above description is short and concise compared to a usual Poe description. Here he has described the ship as beautiful ? this is an opinion and not a description, and Poe often gives opinions in his descriptions. His description consists of the weight of the ship, what it is made of, where it was built, of what it was built, and the cargo it was carrying. A further minute detail is that the ship was lopsided because the cargo wasn?t stowed properly. This is the sort of meticulous detail that Poe generally uses. It is unusual in his works to find a detailed description this short however. This next excerpt is from the same story, and is more typical of Poe?s descriptive style ? particularly the length of the description: I have made many observations lately upon the structure of the vessel. Although well armed, she is not, I think, a ship of war. Her rigging, build, and general equipment, all negative a supposition of this kind. What she is not, I can easily perceive what she is I fear it is impossible to say. I know not how it is, but in scrutinizing her strange model and singular cast of spars, her huge size and overgrown suits of canvas, her severely simple bow and antiquated stern, there will occasionally flash across my mind a sensation of familiar things, and there is always mixed up with such indistinct shadows of recollection, an unaccountable memory of old foreign chronicles and ages long ago. I have been looking at the timbers of the ship. She is built of a material to which I am a stranger. There is a peculiar character about the wood which strikes me as rendering it unfit for the purpose to which it has been applied. I mean its extreme porousness, considered independently by the ! worm-eaten condition which is a consequence of navigation in these seas, and apart from the rottenness attendant upon age. It will appear perhaps an observation somewhat over-curious, but this wood would have every, characteristic of Spanish oak, if Spanish oak were distended by any unnatural means. The introductory sentence to this paragraph forewarns the reader that Poe is about to make a lengthy description, as he proceeds to do. He offers more speculation than actual description here, but he does to eliminate what is unlikely about the true features of the ship and his rambling resembles the thought processes of the ?average? person. Poe meanders a lot. By this I mean that there is no clear logical progression to his description. In his meandering, there is a sense that the reader is not actually meant to follow the meaning, and that it is only for the narrator?s benefit that it has been written at all. This is consistent with the story, as the narrator commented earlier in the story that he was going to record his observations in case he did not survive. He mentioned specifically that it would be a journal, but this paragraph does not read as a journal. I reads more as notes taken down with the intent to organise and elaborate later. This could quite possibly be the effect Poe was looking for when he

Definition and Examples of Stative Verbs

Definition and Examples of Stative Verbs In English grammar, a stative verb is a  verb used primarily to describe a state of being  (I am) or situation (I have). Its how something is, feels, or appears. These verbs dont show physical action (I run) or processes (It prints). Stative verbs can describe a mental or emotional state of being (I doubt) as well as a physical state (Kilroy was here). The situations illustrated by state verbs are unchanging while they last and can continue for a long or indefinite time period. Key Takeaways: Stative Verbs Stative verbs are not action or dynamic verbs.  Stative verbs describe how something is or seems or a mental process.Revise them out of your writing to increase imagery and details in a passage. Common examples include be, have, like, seem, prefer, understand,  belong, doubt, hate,  and  know, such as in the saying, We  are  what we  believe  we  are. These types of words are also known as  being verbs (especially in the case of be, am, is, are, was, and were), or  static verbs.  Contrast them with  dynamic verbs, which show action. Types of Stative Verbs Four types of stative verbs include: senses, emotion, being, and possession. Theres no one right way to classify them, of course, and some words can fit in multiple categories, depending on the context of their usage. Geoffrey Leach and colleagues group the four types this way: (a) Perception and sensation (e.g.  see, hear, smell, hurt, taste)...(b) Cognition, emotion, attitude (e.g.  think, feel, forget, long, remember)...(c) Having and being (e.g.  be, have, have to, cost, require)...(d) Stance (e.g.  sit, stand, lie, live, face) (Geoffrey Leech, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair, and Nicholas Smith, Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge University Press, 2012) Sensing Verbs Senses and perception verbs include data coming into your five senses: SeeHearSmellTasteSeemSoundLookSense Emotion and Thought Verbs Emotion and thought verbs include: LoveHateAdoreLikeDespiseDoubtFeelBelieveForgetRememberLongAgree/disagreeEnjoyNeedThinkRecognizePreferUnderstandSuspectAppear Possession Verbs Possession verbs include: HaveBelongIncludeOwnWant Being/Qualities Verbs Verbs that describe states of  being include: Be/Are/IsWeighContainInvolveContainConsist Writing Advice: Revise Them Out Some writing advice will tell you never to use to be verbs, but sometimes theyre unavoidable. Of course, if you can revise a paragraph that has a bunch of lifeless verbs into one where theres more action, thats typically the way to go, as it makes your writing more dynamic and sensory for the reader.   For example, look at the sentence, His room was a mess. This description could mean a lot of things to different people, such as a neat freak vs. a clutter bug. But if you revise to include sensory imagery and more description, youll have a much fuller experience for the reader and less ambiguity. Revised description: Piles of dirty clothes rose from the floor, books and papers covered the desk, and trash overflowed the wastebasket. Grammar: To Be but Not to Being Though stative verbs can be in the present, past, or future tenses, theyre not usually in motion. That is, stative verbs usually dont occur in the progressive  form (an -ing verb form paired with a helper, such as in are trying; you wouldnt say, for example, I am having a pencil.)   Of course, our malleable English language is made up of exceptions to the rules. Susan J. Behrens, in Grammar: A Pocket Guide, notes, [T]here is some advertising that plays with stative verbs. The McDonalds slogan Im loving it uses a stative verb in the present progressive form (Routledge, 2010). These types of usages are becoming more common, denoting conditions that are temporary, such as in, Youre looking awesome tonight. Some argue that you cant use them in the imperative mood (the command form, such as in the sentence Come with me), but there are plenty of exceptions here, too, because even though the contexts where you use them in this way would be pretty narrow, they still exist. You could give someone an item and say, Have it. You could plead with someone, Love me, or make a person bristle by forcefully imploring, Understand this... Exceptions: Both Stative and Dynamic English also has plenty of gray areas, where a word isnt always only in one or the other category- sometimes words are stative and sometimes active. As with so many things in English, it depends on context. Sylvia Chalker and Tom McArthur explained, It is generally more useful to talk of stative and dynamic meaning and usage  [rather than types alone]...Some verbs belong to both categories but with distinct meanings, as with have in She has red hair  [stative] and She is having dinner [active] (The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 1992). Another example could be with the word feel. Someone can feel sad (a state of being), and a person can also physically feel a texture (an action). They can also  tell others to check it out as well: Feel how soft!   Or even think can be in both categories, even though it doesnt seem like a very dynamic process. Compare the usage of  I think thats really lousy with the famous scene in Back to the Future when Biff comes up to George in the cafe and commands him, Think, McFly! Think, while knocking on his head.

Film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Film analysis - Essay Example Then, when the seriously ill boy miraculously recovers, sibling rivalry becomes too difficult to manage, and Monica leaves the fake boy in the forest to his own devices. A.I. is enriched with some deep moral themes and issues surrounding motherhood, qualities that make the movie one of the director’s masterpieces (Abu-Mostafa, 2007). The Spielberg work is extremely captivating, and it evokes yet again a stunningly provocative perception of child rearing and of the humanity,  interweaved with a massive feeling of melancholy in the face of science.  The movie draws substantial influence from â€Å"Pinocchio† by Disney. Among the themes that feature in the movie are modernity, false consciousness and consumption.   Ã‚   As Brookfield (2007) as said, modernity of the movie is apparent in its futuristic setting. The beginning of the narrative after the disastrous impacts of global warming helps to reinforce the theme of modernity. Floods that have wreaked havoc in the earth’s surface and uncontrollable population pressures on natural resources are some of the modern challenges that the world will continue to face in the future.  Spielberg predicted a situation where couples will be required to seek for permission to make babies, since the current threats of technological leaps shall have led to the replacement of human beings with mechanical human beings. Interestingly, parents who go for robotic children will have to contend with the fact that those children will remain young and respectful (Abu-Mostafa, 2007). The natural love in the traditional societies will be lost to modernity.   It is arguable that the very fact that â€Å"machine love† has replaced the natural love between individuals serves as the ironic contrast of a movie that attempts to depict hope, but rather in the wider perspective presents an awful representation of social

Paper on disenfranchised grief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper on disenfranchised grief - Essay Example In fact, many marriages were ruined due to alcohol addiction committed by a spouse. In addition to this, children of alcoholics were affected by their father’s addiction, too. The article What to Do with an Alcoholic Spouse? culled from www.marriagebuilders.com quotes: As a consequence, loved ones resort to coping methods such as ignoring the person (alcoholic) and treating him as if he is already dead. This type of coping behavior is identified as social death. Leary (2001) made mention of social death as a type of interpersonal rejection that family members practice so they can distance themselves from the loved one in pain. When a family resorts to social death as a coping mechanism, family members experience loss, but society does not consider it that way and may even frown upon the reaction of family members. Families that cope using psychosocial death as a defense mechanism can be considered suffering from disenfranchised grief as Doka ( 1989) argued that â€Å"in all of these cases, spouses and others may experience a profound sense of loss, but that loss cannot be publicly acknowledged for the person is still biologically alive†. Therefore, the spouse and children of alcoholics experience disenfranchised grief on a daily basis especially when the person ( alcoholic ) resides in the same house. Doka (1989) explains that†(a) grieving person experiences deep personal loss, but the very nature of the syndrome complicates emotional responses, creating ambivalence, anger, and guilt†. In short, the disenfranchised grief becomes very complicated as a consequence of psychosocial death. Some decades ago, there were few interventions in supporting the loved ones of alcoholics who had been experiencing disenfranchised grief. Nevertheless, it is important to seek intervention strategies for this type of grief so that people can move on to their normal lives. Nowadays, there are different types of intervention that are available. One